Direct Speech and Indirect Speech

Direct speech adalah cara menyampaikan kata-kata orang lain dengan cara mengulang kata-katanya. Sedangkan indirect speech adalah cara menyampaikan kata-kata seseorang tanpa mengulangi sama persis tapi tanpa merubah maknanya.

Contoh:

Direct speech: Nadia said, “I miss you”

Indirect speech: Nadia said that she missed me.

Cara Membentuk Kalimat

Perlu diperhatikan bahwa direct speech menggunakan koma dan dilanjut tanda petik. Sedangkan indirect speech menggunakan that dan disusul statementnya sesuai tenses yang digunakan. Indirect speech secara teknis lebih ribet karena harus merubah-rubah tense. Tapi buat lebih simple-nya aku suka mengajarkan murid-muridku untuk turunkan tenses satu tingkat seperti simple present jadi simple past.

Simple present-> simple past

Present continuous-> past continuous

Present perfect-> past perfect

Simple future -> past future

Simple past-> past perfect

Untuk lebih lengkapnya lihat tabel di bawah:

Simple present -> Simple past

Simple present:

She said, “the man is tall”

Simple past:

She said that the man was tall.

Present continuous -> Past continuous

Present continuous:

She said, “The baby is sleeping.”

Past continuous:

She said that the baby was sleeping.

Present perfect -> Past perfect

Present perfect:

She said, “Eve has eaten the apple.”

Past perfect:

She said that Eve had eaten.

Simple future-> Past future

Simple future:

She said, “John will take care of it.”

Past future:

She said that John would take care of it.

Simple past -> past perfect

Simple past:

She said, “He died”

Past future:

She said that he had died.

kalimat Tanya

Membentuk kalimat tanya indirect speech dengan jawaban yes/no gunakan kata penghubung if atau whether yang berarti apakah. Sedangkan untuk kalimat tanya 5W1H (what, when, where, why, who dan how) kata if/whether tidak digunakan. Sebagai gantinya tetap gunakan 5W1H.

Berikut contoh kalimat statement dan kalimat tanya:

Direct Speech

Indirect speech

Yes-no question:

He asked, “are you okay?”

5w1h question: He asked me, “where is Anna?”

Yes-no question: He asked me if I was okay.

5w1H question: He asked me where Anna was.

Pembahasan selanjutnya: Past Perfect Continuous Tense (fungsi,contoh kalimat, latihan soal)